This post shows students and new users the steps to install and configure Nextcloud on Ubuntu Linux with Apache and the free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate.
Nextcloud is a true open source self-hosted file syncing and file sharing platform similar to Dropbox, OneDrive, and other proprietary online storage services. It is a fork of ownCloud and 100% open source.
With the Nextcloud application that can be installed on mobile devices and desktop computers, you can access and synchronize your files, contacts and data on all devices and platforms.
If you’re looking for a true self-hosted file sharing and syncing platform, Nextcloud should be a good place to start. We show you how to install and configure Nextcloud on your own Ubuntu server with a link to the Let’s Encrypt SSL post.
Also, for students and new users learning Linux, the easiest place to start learning is Ubuntu Linux. Ubuntu is the modern open source Linux operating system for desktops, servers, and other devices.
To start installing and configuring Nextcloud on Ubuntu Linux, follow the steps below.
How to install Apache on Ubuntu Linux
As mentioned above, we will use the Apache web server to run Nextcloud. Nextcloud requires a web server to function, and Apache is the most popular open source web server available today.
To install Apache on Ubuntu, run the following commands:
sudo apt update sudo apt install apache2
After installing Apache, the following commands can be used to stop, start and enable Apache services always start every time the server starts.
sudo systemctl stop apache2.service sudo systemctl start apache2.service sudo systemctl enable apache2.service
To test if Apache is installed and working, open your web browser and look for the IP address or hostname of the server.
http: // localhost
If you see the above page in the browser, then Apache is working as expected.
How to install MariaDB on Ubuntu Linux
A database server is required for Nextcloud to work. Nextcloud stores its content in a database and MariaDB is probably the best database server available to run Nextcloud.
MariaDB is fast, secure, and the default server for almost all Linux servers. To install MariaDB, run the following commands:
sudo apt install mariadb-server sudo apt install mariadb-client
After installing MariaDB, the following commands can be used to stop, start and enable MariaDB services always start when the server starts.
sudo systemctl stop mariadb.service sudo systemctl start mariadb.service sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
Then run the following commands to protect the database server with a root password if you were not prompted to do so during installation.
sudo mysql_secure_installation
When prompted, use the guide below to respond:
If you've just installed MariaDB, and haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): PRESS ENTER Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n Change the root password? [Y/n] n Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y All done!
To verify and validate that MariaDB is installed and working, log into the database console using the following commands:
sudo mysql -u root -p
It should automatically log into the database server as we started the login request as root. Only root can login without password and only from server console.
If you see a screen similar to the one shown above, then the server installed successfully.
How to install PHP on Ubuntu Linux
Also, PHP is required to run Nextcloud. The PHP packages are added to the Ubuntu repositories. Repository versions may not be the latest. If you need to install the latest versions, you will need to add a third-party PPA repository.
In a third-party repository with the latest versions of PHP, run the following commands.
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
At the time of writing, the latest version of PHP 8.0.
sudo apt update
Then run the following commands to install PHP 8.0 and related modules.
sudo apt install php7.4 libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4-imagick php7.4-common php7.4-mysql php7.4-gmp php7.4-imap php7.4-json php7.4-pgsql php7.4-ssh2 php7.4-sqlite3 php7.4-ldap php7.4-curl php7.4-intl php7.4-mbstring php7.4-xmlrpc php7.4-gd php7.4-xml php7.4-cli php7.4-zip
Next, you’ll want to change some PHP configuration settings that work great with Nextcloud. Run the following commands to open the default PHP configuration file.
sudo nano /etc/php/7.4/apache2/php.ini
Then change the line settings to be somewhat aligned with the lines below. Save your changes and exit.
file_uploads = On allow_url_fopen = On short_open_tag = On memory_limit = 256M upload_max_filesize = 100M max_execution_time = 360 date.timezone = America/Chicago
How to create a Nextcloud database in Ubuntu
At this point, we are ready to create the Nextcloud database. As mentioned above, Nextcloud uses databases to store its content.
To create a database for Nextcloud, run the following commands:
sudo mysql -u root -p
Then create a database called nextcloud
CREATE DATABASE nextcloud;
Next, create a database user named nextclouduser and set password
CREATE USER 'nextclouduser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password_here';
Then grant the user full access to the database.
GRANT ALL ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextclouduser'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Finally, save your changes and exit.
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; EXIT;
How to download Nextcloud on Ubuntu
We are ready to download Nextcloud and start configuring it. First, run the following commands to download the latest version of Nextcloud from its repository.
Next, extract the downloaded content to the Apache root directory. This will create a folder called nextcloud.
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-22.2.0.zip -P /tmp sudo unzip /tmp/nextcloud-22.2.0.zip -d /var/www
Then run the command below to allow www-data user to own the new Nextcloud directory.
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/nextcloud/
How to configure Apache for Nextcloud
We have downloaded the content from Nextcloud in a new folder that we call Nextcloud. Now, let’s configure Apache to create a new server block to use with our Nextcloud website. You can create so many server blocks with Apache.
To do that, run the following commands to create a new configuration file called nextcloud.conf at / etc / apache2 / sites-available / directory to host our Nextcloud server block.
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf
In the archive, copy and paste the content below in the archive and save it.
Alias /nextcloud "/var/www/nextcloud/" <Directory /var/www/nextcloud/> Options +FollowSymlinks AllowOverride All <IfModule mod_dav.c> Dav off </IfModule> SetEnv HOME /var/www/nextcloud SetEnv HTTP_HOME /var/www/nextcloud </Directory>
Save the file and close.
After saving the above file, run the following commands to enable the new file that contains our Nextcloud server block, as well as other important Apache modules.
Restart Apache after that.
sudo a2ensite nextcloud.conf sudo a2enmod rewrite sudo a2enmod headers sudo a2enmod env sudo a2enmod dir sudo a2enmod mime
Reload Apache when you have finished the above configuration.
sudo systemctl reload apache2
Now that Nextcloud has been downloaded and the necessary services are configured, open your browser and start the Nextcloud installation by visiting your server’s domain name or IP address followed by / nextcloud :
http://localhost/nextcloud
However, we want to make sure our server is protected with free Let’s Encrypt SSL certificates. So, continue below to learn how to generate Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate for websites.
How to configure Let’s Encrypt for Nextcloud
We have written an excellent post on how to generate and manage Let’s Encrypt SSL certificates for Apache web server. You can use that post to apply here for your Nextcloud website.
To read the post on how to generate Let’s Encrypt SSL certificates for the website, click the link below:
How to set up Let’s Encrypt on Ubuntu Linux with Nginx
If you managed to generate a Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate, you need to reopen the server block for our Nextcloud website by running the following commands.
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf
The new Nextcloud server block configurations should look similar to the line below. Take notes on the highlighted lines.
- The first server block listens on port 80. It contains a 301 redirect to redirect HTTP to HTTPS.
- The second server block listens on port 443. It contains a 301 redirect to redirect www to a domain other than www.
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com Redirect permanent / https://example.com/ </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/ ServerAlias www.example.com Protocols h2 http:/1.1 <If "%{HTTP_HOST} == 'www.example.com'"> Redirect permanent / https://example.com/ </If> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com-error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com-access.log combined SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem SSLOpenSSLConfCmd DHParameters "/etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem" SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 SSLProtocol All -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1 SSLCompression off SSLUseStapling on Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000" Alias /nextcloud "/var/www/nextcloud/" <Directory /var/www/nextcloud/> Options +FollowSymlinks AllowOverride All <IfModule mod_dav.c> Dav off </IfModule> SetEnv HOME /var/www/nextcloud SetEnv HTTP_HOME /var/www/nextcloud </Directory> </VirtualHost>
Save the file above, then restart Apache and PHP using the commands below.
sudo systemctl reload apache2
Finally, if everything went according to plan, you should be able to start the Nextcloud setup wizard by navigating to the server’s hostname or IP address via HTTPS.
https://example.com/nextcloud
A Nextcloud setup wizard should appear. Follow the wizard to complete the setup.
- Create an administrator account and password
- leave the default data folder
- Select MySQL / MariaDB
- Enter the database username
- Enter the password of the database user
- Enter the name of the database
- Leave the database host as local host if Nextcloud and the database server are on the same host.
Click Finish setup
Wait for the configuration to complete. Then log in and start setting up your environment.
You should do that!
Conclusion:
In this tutorial we have seen how to configure Nextcloud on Ubuntu Linux with Apache and Let’s Encrypt. If you find any errors above or have something to add, use the comment form below.